In trail orienteering, accuracy is important: from a distance, from the control observation point, you need to determine the correct position of the control sign according to the map and legend. The time of the course does not matter. The participant with the most correct answers wins. Since the observation point is located at a short distance from the control signs, and movement between observation points is allowed only on trails and roads, all participants, including those with mobility impairments, have equal conditions.

Means of transportation: For the Paralympic class, any means of transportation can be used, except for those equipped with an internal combustion engine. Physical assistance from the outside is also allowed.

Control card: in trail orienteering, a special control card is used, which provides the opportunity to choose the answer options at each control.

Map: the participant, reading the map, chooses from several control signs located on the ground the one that corresponds to the position of the control on the map and the legend.

Currently, the competitions are held in two classes: open (open to everyone, including Paralympians); Paralympic (open to participants with disabilities who have a certificate from the Medical Committee of the International Orienteering Federation). The European Orienteering Championships have been organized annually since 1994, every even numbered year since 2008, and the World Championships annually since 2004.

Rogaining

Rogaining is a sport in which teams, using a map and compass, must score the most points for passing a selection of control points from among those available in the competition area and marked on the map within a certain control time (from several hours to one day). Competitions are held both on foot and on skis.

The post Trail orienteering appeared first on Jwoc2016.

MAP: The participant receives a map at the start that is specially adapted for MTB. The scale of the map can vary from 1:10000 to 1:30,000, and the cross-section of the relief is 2.5 to 10 meters.The map shows most of the details and main forms of relief in a simplified way, which helps the cyclist in choosing the path and orientation along the roads. At the same time, the network of roads and trails is shown in great detail. Special symbols for unpaved roads and trails are added to the highways.

COMPASS: As a rule, only a bulb is used from the compass, which is attached to the participant’s arm or to the map tablet.

MAP TABLET: This is a special map tablet that consists of a handlebar mount and a turntable. You can also attach the tablet to your chest, as in ski orienteering. The main purpose of the tablet is to free up your hands and allow you to read the map at speed.

HELMET: A hard hat is a mandatory safety requirement for cycling competitors.

BIKE: Participants usually use reliable mountain bikes. For safety reasons, the organizers must check the technical condition of the bike before the start (e.g., test the brakes).

REPAIR TOOLS AND SPARE PARTS: Participants may bring repair tools and spare parts with them and may be assisted by other participants. But they must not seek or receive outside help to repair their bikes.

Code of conduct for participants of orienteering competitions on bicycles.

1. Participants should reduce their speed when encountering pedestrians or riders.
2. Avoid damaging the roads by aggressive riding techniques, such as yo-yoing.
3. When two cyclists meet:

• participants should, of course, part with left shoulders;
• any rider going uphill has the right of way;
• at an intersection, a cyclist approaching on a smaller (secondary) road must yield the right of way to any cyclist traveling on a larger (main) road.

At the intersection of equivalent roads, the participant who does not have an obstacle on the right has the advantage.

The post Orientation on bicycles appeared first on Jwoc2016.

In terms of physical exertion, orienteering can be compared to marathon running or long-distance ski racing. To succeed in orienteering, an athlete must be proficient in all skiing techniques: classical and freestyle, as well as alpine skiing In Ukraine, another type of orienteering is also common: on a marked track. A single ski track is laid out on the ground, along which control points are set up. The participant who receives a “blank” (i.e., without a course) map at the start must correctly mark the location of the control points on the map while traveling the course. Mistakes are penalized in the form of additional time or penalty laps. This type of orienteering requires a very good command of orienteering technique and constant concentration of the athlete during the race.

SKI EQUIPMENT: orienteers use the same equipment as racing skiers: overalls, boots, poles, skis.

MAP TABLET: A special map tablet consisting of a chest mount and a turntable that frees the hands for ski poles and allows you to read the map at speed.

MAP: the participant receives a special thematic map at the start, which additionally shows:

• the course in red;
• the network of ski runs in green.

The map contains detailed information on how to choose the best route: the quality of the piste, the height difference, and the length of the sections.

COMPASS: Usually only the compass bulb is used, which is attached to the tablet or to the skier’s arm.

CONTROL CARD: A control card is attached to the athlete’s arm. At each checkpoint, the participant makes a mark as proof of passing the checkpoint. Orienteering on bicycles (abbreviated international name – MTBO, from the English name Mountain bike orienteering) is a cyclic sport that is of interest to both orienteers and mountain bike enthusiasts. In this sport, the most important abilities of orienteers are such as choosing a route and memorizing a map. Excellent bike handling technique and the ability to control the bike on steep slopes while riding both uphill and downhill are absolute prerequisites for success in high-level competitions.

The post Orientation on skis appeared first on Jwoc2016.

During competitions, orienteers overcome deep ravines or mountains, very overgrown forests or swamps. Competitions are also held in cities. Historic districts, parks. So you need good physical fitness, as well as speed comparable to a 3000-meter steeplechase or marathon run.

Various orienteering competitions are held: individual and relay races; sprints in parks and marathons in the mountains. Orienteering by choice, where participants are free to choose the order of passing control points, and night orienteering, when orienteers use a special lamp that is fixed on their heads or otherwise, are also popular.

The most common one – a distance in a given direction – looks like this: a triangle indicates the start, circles – control points, and a double circle – the finish. Control points are connected by lines and numbered in the order of passage. The participant must choose the path and move from the start to the 1st control, then to the 2nd control, and so on. A marked path usually leads from the last control to the finish line.

Competition uniform: lightweight, stretchy uniform that protects against undergrowth and branches and provides maximum freedom of movement, even when wet.

Shoes: lightweight, durable shoes with special treads on the soles, rubber or metal spikes that provide a confident grip on all types of ground, including mud or bare rocks.

Compass: For orienteering, special sports compasses with a liquid in the middle of the flask are used. There is a wide range of such compasses. The most common are two types: “on the board” and “on the finger”.

Map: the participant receives a special thematic colored map at the start with the course marked in red. The map contains detailed information about the area: terrain, roads, vegetation, and objects such as rocks and stones, buildings, etc.

Control card: Orienteers must make marks on a special card at each control as proof that all controls have been completed in the correct sequence. The device for marking at the control can be a colored pencil, a composter or a special electronic device with which the athlete marks at the control in a special “station” mounted on a metal or wooden stand.

The post Orientation by running appeared first on Jwoc2016.